PHEROMONE PERFUMES

Pheromone (pour femme)

The pheromone kit
of animal scents

Pheromone (pour homme)

Hormones are molecules produced by the endocrine system that transport signals inside an organism, like messengers who command the biological functions of the body

From the Greek pherein, to transport and hormon to stimulate, pheromones are molecules produced by various organs of the body and are used by animals to communicate between each other. For this purpose they are expelled outside of the body so as to be smelled by the other individuals.

Not always pheromones of animals are directed to individuals of the same species. Actually the function of these molecules is not exclusively sexual and there are numerous examples of pheromone used by various species, for example from insects and mammals.

The production of pheromones has a very low energetic cost and is the first system used by living organisms in order to communicate, like the chemical sense that has been the first one being used to perceive the external world. The purpose of the production of pheromones is to let a message reach long distance when visual or auditive signals are not sufficient or in order to reinforce them.

The interest on pheromones for the researchers does not reside so much in their chemical composition how much in the behavioural answer that they trigger.

We can identify three types of pheromones according to their function and two ways of action with which they provoke an answer.

Three are the functions that the pheromones produced can have towards their addressees, even if sometimes a pheromone may have more than one effect. First is the function of identification, second of alarm and third the sexual one.

THREE TYPES OF PHEROMONES

The pheromones “olfactory signatures” are the smell that allows the mother buffalo to recognize its baby among hundreds of thousands, but also to the human mother to recognize after only three hours the smell of her child on on a shirt among ten others worn by other babies. In the same way ants, bees or termites have “olfactory signatures” that reveal their belonging to a specific family on the same territory. Territorial animals like felines, dogs or beavers disperse these pheromones to assert the possession of that territory.
The alarm pheromones are produced and diffused in the air often accompanied by visual and acoustic signals in case of wound or danger. These pheromones have a very simple structure as they don’t carry an identification function. Actually various species produces the same identical alarm pheromone and often various species on the same territory have learned to recognize olfactory marks of other animals in order to increase their possibility of survival.
the sexual pheromones have a determining function in the reproduction process, often allowing to synchronize fecundation with ovulation. It is so for many sea organisms, crustaceans or fishes but also for mammals. At the moment of ovulation the female produces a pheromone that triggers in the male the production of sperm or the sexual behaviour. For many mammals, if not for all, horses, ovines, dogs and many others, the olfactory signal of the female is what triggers the passion of the male.

TWO TYPES OF ANSWERS

There are two ways in which the pheromones act on their addressee: direct and indirect. In the case of animals that possess a limbic system, a pheromone often acts in both ways. This is due to the design of the olfactory system that interacts with the limbic system and above all due to the existence of olfactory memories able to activate the endocrine system in order to reproduce the emotions that have been associated in the past with smells. The field of the olfactory memories is a mysterious one, an unexplored ocean in which the researcher cannot avail himself of the modern investigative technologies but only of his own intelligence and intuition.

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